Should Animals be kept in Zoos

Cover Letter This essay explores the dilemma of keeping animals in zoos. In this essence, the legitimacy of restricting the animals is investigated.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should Animals be kept in Zoos? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the essay seeks to establish harmony between advocacy for abolition of zoos and the need to preserve some species of animals. In addition, there is the necessity to control the interaction between animals and human beings. I have observed that there is no solution to such dilemmas. Any observer has to establish a middle ground and maintain balance between the arguments. This is because it is not possible to take a radical action on the issue at hand. I had an experience of arguing over the issue, which has two equal sides while writing the paper. I was able to examine both sides of the argument and analyze the arguments. While it seemed appropriate to me that pe ople should keep animals in the zoos prior to this assignment, my perception changed after analyzing both sides of the argument. I had to take a middle ground and analyze the perceptions as a neutral observer. When writing the arguments in the paper, it became difficult to make an objective analysis of the arguments due to the influence of personal opinion. It is difficult to establish a middle ground that does not favor either side. The topic of the essay generates significant interest in me because most people assume that animals have their specific places in the ecosystem, which are subject to manipulation by human beings at will.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, liberal people advocate that fair competition can exist between animals and people naturally. This article proves that neither case is entirely true. Body Throughout the history of humanity, interaction with animals has been inevitable. Superiority of human beings has made them highly competitive. Other living things have to adapt to new environments or leave their natural habitat to create space for human beings and their activities. The human population is evenly distributed around the world. On the other hand, animal population is partially distributed, with different species occupying different parts of the world. Since animals have always fascinated people, there has always been the urge to observe animals and their behavior. In addition, all living organisms on earth survive through competition for resources with each other (McKinley Shepard 65). This has led to endangerment of some species of animals. Generally, animals are considered important to human beings, regardless of the material value of each species. Gradually, it has become important to protect animal species that are facing the danger of extinction, either due to encroachment of their immediate space in the ecosyste m, or due to competition with other organisms whose lives depend on common resources. For this reason, zoos have been built, and animals are kept inside for the sole purpose of preservation of animal life or for entertainment (Norton 42). It is true that the zoos protect a small number of animals from the competition that exists in their natural habitat. In this way, they protect the species from extinction, and satisfy human being’s curiosity as people go for sightseeing at zoos as a recreational activity (Norton 21).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Should Animals be kept in Zoos? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most zoos keep wild animals, and majority of the animal population at the zoos is made up of animals that are rarely seen by human beings in their immediate environment. These animals are used to roaming in the jungle and forests. Others are used to swimming freely in the seas and rivers. Howeve r, due to limited space, zoos keep the animals in a much smaller and controlled environment. Obviously, there is restriction of freedom for the animals in order to contain them in the zoo. For most of their lives, the animals in the zoo do not lead a normal life like other wild animals. They are protected from the competition in the ecosystem due to their perceived importance to human beings. However, this is a serious impediment to their freedom too. Animals are not allowed to roam freely during the day or night, as they would have done in a free environment. On the other hand, the rigors of competing with other wild animals are eliminated from their lives. Moreover, the animals receive special treatment as they are provided with veterinary care, a service that other animals in the jungle and sea do not normally get (Robinson 53). It is arguable that the setting of a zoo is analogous to a prison were felons are incarcerated to protect the society from their potentially harmful tend encies. One might easily conclude that the animals in the zoo are in some kind of psychological distress due to disruption of their normal course of life and their detainment.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This view assumes that animals, like human beings, have the ability to discern the importance of freedom. Furthermore, the notion argues that animals have thoughts and feelings just like human beings. It is difficult to establish these arguments as facts due to the limited emotional interaction between animals in the zoo and their keepers. Thus, the idea that animals perceive physical freedom in a similar way as human beings is subject to debate (Mullan Marvin 75). Zoos are not primarily intended to curtail the freedom of an animal, but are designed to protect the animal from harsh environment. Normally, there are efforts to create an environment similar to the particular animal’s habitat in the zoo. It is also difficult to assess whether the artificial environment created by zookeepers is identical to the natural habitat suitable for the animals. This observation means that it is not entirely true that the zoos are aimed at curtailing the freedom of the animals (Brooman Le gge 85). Consequently, the animals may be better off at the zoo. Moreover, it is not true that zoos completely change the normal course of life for the animals within it since there is an effort to simulate their natural habitat. Some people are of the opinion that animals are inferior to human beings. This suggests that zoos are meant to restrict the animals within the zoo environment to protect human beings’ interest. Some animals are dangerous to human life, while others compete against human being for resources. This is an obvious observation that has been under scientific study. On the other hand, animals could be perceived to be equal to human beings. This means that the animals can compete for resources fairly against human beings. Some people use this perspective to argue against establishment of zoos, which in their perspective, are the making of an unfair competition between animals and human beings. The highlighted perceptions and observations present the dilemma o f the existence of zoos. In a critical analysis of all radical perceptions, no single argument is proved entirely appropriate for the issue of zoos. If zoos were to be eliminated as a way of protecting and preserving animal life, there would be dire consequences for humans and the animals themselves (Acampora 45). It is an obvious observation that some animals would become extinct due to predation and competition from other animals in the natural habitat. People could also be affected by the interactions and conflicts between the animals and human beings. While some animals would pose direct danger to human beings, others would affect the creations of human beings such as organized agriculture. It is thus obvious that a conflict will result from the freedom of animals. However, this presents another question for argument since there is fairness in sharing of natural resources by living organisms in such a situation. Although a relatively small number of animals are kept in the zoo, majority of animals are free and live in the wilderness. This brings up the issue of the scale of restriction of animals within zoos. Keeping all animals in the zoo and eliminating them from their natural environment is an extreme action. This kind of an action would present a situation of extreme interference with nature. It is only logical that a balance between freedom of animals and existence of zoos has to be established. Animals could be kept in an open environment that is similar to their natural habitat as much as possible. This would eliminated the problem of having animals in a zoo were cages similar to prison cells are used to contain the animals. On the issue of competition, it would be unfair to let animals live free and compete against human beings in the natural environment. People would eliminate animals from the ecosystem due to their superiority in terms of logical reasoning. This makes it necessary to provide some kind of protection for the animals. In this essenc e, zoos can neither be justified nor completely denounced. Works Cited Acampora, Ralph R.. Metamorphoses of the zoo: animal encounter after Noah. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, 2010. Print. Brooman, Simon, and Debbie Legge. Law relating to animals. London: Cavendish, 1997. Print. Mullan, Bob, and Garry Marvin. Zoo culture. 2nd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999. Print. Norton, Bryan G.. Ethics on the ark: zoos, animal welfare, and wildlife conservation. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995. Print. Robinson, Phillip T.. Life at the zoo: behind the scenes with the animal doctors. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. Print. Shepard, Paul, and Daniel McKinley. The subversive science; essays toward an ecology of man,. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1969. Print. This essay on Should Animals be kept in Zoos? was written and submitted by user Giselle Daniels to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Macbeth Overview

'Macbeth' Overview Macbeth, one of Shakespeare’s most famous tragedies, tells the story of a Scottish nobleman and his own ambition to become king. The source material is Holinshed’s Chronicle, which compiled a history of England, Scotland and Ireland. First published in its Folio edition in 1623, it is the shortest of Shakespeare’s tragedies. Despite its brevity, it had a rich legacy. Fast Facts: Macbeth Title: MacbethAuthor: William ShakespearePublisher:  Edward Blount and William and Isaac JaggardYear Published: First Edition, Folio, 1623Genre: dramaType of Work: tragedyOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Ambition, fate, free will, loyalty, appearance vs. realityCharacters: Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, The Three Witches, Duncan, Banquo, MacduffNotable Adaptations: Orson Welles’ Voodoo Macbeth (1936); Akira Kurosawa’s Throne of Blood (1957);  Roman Polanski’s The Tragedy of Macbeth (1971)Fun Fact: due to superstition, actors avoid addressing Macbeth by its name directly, and use the phrase â€Å"The Scottish Play† instead. Plot Summary Macbeth is a tragedy telling the story of the Scottish nobleman by the same name, consumed by his own ambition to become king and by the consequences of the acts he commits in order to achieve his goal. At the beginning of the play, after a victorious battle, Macbeth and fellow general Banquo meet three witches in a heath, and they deliver prophecies to both of them: Macbeth would become king of Scotland, and Banquo will father a line of kings while not becoming king himself. Encouraged by Lady Macbeth, his ruthless wife, Macbeth plans to kill King Duncan. After his murder, since his heir Malcolm and his brother Donalbain promptly flee to England and Ireland, respectively, Macbeth is crowned king. Consumed by guilt and paranoia, he becomes more and more of a tyrant as the play progresses. First he has Banquo killed, and his ghost visits him during a banquet. After consulting the witches again, who tell him to beware of Macduff and that he won’t be vanquished by anyone â€Å"of woman born,† he tries to have Macduff’s castle seized and everyone inside killed. However, since Macduff had gone to England to join forces with Malcolm, Macbeth only succeeds in having Macduff’s family killed. This prompts Macduff and Malcolm to raise an army aimed at dethroning Macbeth. Meanwhile, Lady Macbeth, who initially was more assertive than her husband, has become consumed by guilt to the point of insanity and eventually kills herself. The Scottish generals rally against Macbeth, and Macduff manages to vanquish him- he was not â€Å"of woman born† but â€Å"from his mothers womb untimely ripped.†Ã‚  The play ends with Malcolm being crowned king of Scotland. Major Characters Macbeth. Macbeth is initially presented as a Scottish nobleman and a valiant warrior. However, after listening to the prophecy delivered by the Three Witches in which he is told he would be king, he is overcome by blind ambition, and, strongly encouraged by his wife, he kills the king to usurp the throne.  His thirst for power is counterbalanced by paranoia, which leads to his downfall. Lady Macbeth. Macbeth’s wife, she thinks her husband’s nature is too full of kindness. She is the one who devises the plot for her husband to murder King Duncan, and is initially less fazed by the deed than her husband. However, she eventually unravels too, and commits suicide. The Three Witches. Whether they control fate or are merely its agents, the Three Witches set the tragedy in motion: they deliver Macbeth and his companion Banquo with a prophecy that the former shall be king, and the latter shall generate a line of kings. These prophecies have a great influence on Macbeth, who decides to usurp the throne of Scotland. Banquo. Banquo is another Scottish thane who was with Macbeth when the witches delivered their prophecy. He is told that he will father a line of kings while not becoming king himself. After the king’s murder, Macbeth feels threatened by Banquo and has him murdered by hired assassins. Yet, Banquo returns as a ghost at a banquet, visibly startling Macbeth, who is the only one who can see him.   Macduff. Macduff finds King Duncan’s body after he was murdered and immediately suspects Macbeth. Eventually, he murders Macbeth. King Duncan. The wise and firm king of Scotland at the beginning of the play, he is murdered by Macbeth so he can usurp the throne. He represents moral order in the play, which Macbeth destroys and Macduff restores. Main Themes Ambition. Macbeth’s ambition is devoid of any morality and is the cause of Macbeth’s downfall. After becoming king of Scotland, Macbeth’s ambition turns him into a tyrant, and he has his suspected enemies murdered. Ambition is a trait his wife Lady Macbeth shares, and she, too, succumbs to it.   Loyalty. At he beginning of the play, King Duncan rewards Macbeth with the title â€Å"Thane of Cawdor† because the original Thane of Cawdor was actually a traitor, but Macbeth betrays the king in order to usurp the throne. Macduff, who suspects Macbeth once he sees the king’s corpse, flees to England to join Duncan’s son Malcolm, and together they plan the downfall of Macbeth and restore the moral order.   Fate and free will. The witches do show Macbeth his future and his fate, but Macbeth’s actions are arbitrary and not pre-ordained.   Appearance and reality. â€Å"Fair is foul and foul is fair,† is one of the famous quotes in Macbeth, and appearance and reality intermingle in the play: the witches give out paradoxical prophecies and characters hide their true intentions. For example, Macbeth seems honorable but actually plans to murder King Duncan. Malcolm soon flees Scotland after his father’s murder, which seems suspicious at first, but it’s actually a way for him to protect himself. Literary Style The language used by Macbeth and Lady Macbeth evolves throughout the play.  At first, they’re both characterized by a fluent and energetic style, but, as their ambition gradually overtakes them, their speech becomes fragmented. For instance, while prose in Shakespeares plays is reserved to characters of low social orders, once Lady Macbeth is overcome by madness, she utters her lines in prose too. By contrast, the witches speak in enigmatic riddles interposed with grotesque elements.   About the Author William Shakespeare, who wrote ten tragedies and eighteen comedies, wrote King Lear (1605), Macbeth (1606), and The Tempest during King James’ reign. King James was patron of Shakespeare’s acting company, and Macbeth, by stating that King James descended from the Scottish thane Banquo, is a de facto tribute to Shakespeare’s sovereign.

Business law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business law - Essay Example The claims to be made in the paper will be proved with the help of legal cases which have been solved by applying the legal approaches of Parole evident rule and collateral contract. Introduction: Business dealings are made among enterprises by large each day which makes it evident that there needs to be a jurisdiction that would help the parties agree and abide by the clauses in the agreement. It is for this reason that business law is being practiced by the common law. In return common law is being applied to majority of the states making it liable for organizations all around the world to sign agreements and follow the legalities. Considering the legal courts of Australia, It would not be incorrect to state that it has provided the business enterprises many benefits regarding restitution and contracts. However, there are different types of contracts with exceptions which are being practiced and legally prosecuted. In this context, the written contracts in Australia are provided wi th a lot of remedies in case the contract is breached. But verbal promises that have not been included in the written contracts are not solved in case breached. ... Definitions to the terms: Breach--violation of the law which is written or oral in nature. Plaintiff-- a person or a party that would file a lawsuit against the violating party Defendant--- a person or a party against whom the case is filed. Points of Focus: Parole evident rule and exception followed by the suitable cases Collateral contracts and definition with the suitable cases Australian Courts and Remedy to breach of Parole evidence rule: It is an Australian law which is applied in case it is a matter of a written contract. Within the approach of parole evidence rule, it is evident that the court will note that all the clauses which are written or mentioned in the agreement are carefully following the signed affirmation of both the parties. This approach completely denies in case either of the party proposes a claim which is verbal in nature. The Australian court represents jurisdiction that completely disqualifies any verbal or oral promise making it much easier for the parties and the court to subject litigation if notice in any case1 The reason behind employing this legal approach in Australia for the business agreements is merely because it is able to save a lot of time. Another reason behind setting up the approach of parole evidence rule exemplifies the prevention of any faulty statement coming from either of the parties agreed upon the agreements. There has been a common ground of deviation noted in most of the legal business cases. All such cases have marked statements which were put forward by the parties in order to bring deviation the focal point of the agreement. In other words, it could be said that at times either of the parties is more likely to override